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Simple Linear Regression

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nk2CQITm_eo&t=267s

In general, there are 3 main stages in Linear regression:

1. Using Least-squares to fit a line to the data

2. Calculating $R^{2}$

3. Calculating a $p-value$ for $R^{2}$

1. Using Least-squares to fit a line to the data

Takinf from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nk2CQITm_eo&t=267s

• First, draw a line through the data.

• Second, calculate the Residual sum of squares: Measure the distance from the line to each data point (residual), square each distance, and then add them up.

The distance from a line to a data point is called a residual

• Then, we rotate the line a little bit and calculate the RSS. We do this many times.
• ...

• Then, the line that represents the linear regression is the one corresponding to the rotation that has the least RSS. The regression equation:

$y=a+bx$

The equation is composed of 2 parameters:

• Slope: $b$

The slope is the amount of change in units of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y} for each unitchange in Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x} .

• The Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y-axis} intercept: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a }

2. Calculating Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R^2}

Takinf from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nk2CQITm_eo&t=267s

In the above example, they are using different terminology to the one that we saw at Section [[Data Science#The coefficient of determination Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R^2} ]]