Networking

El material del curso puede ser desgargado aquí: http://goo.gl/jj5p8s

En general

Internet speed via terminal

https://askubuntu.com/questions/104755/how-to-check-internet-speed-via-terminal

La velocidad de la conexión Internet se puede medir en kbit/s (Download/Upload)

Podemos usar el siguiente script en línea:

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/master/speedtest.py | python -

o instalar el programa usado en la linea de comando anterior (speedtest-cli) como se explica aquí: https://fossbytes.com/test-internet-speed-linux-command-line/

sudo apt-get install python-pip
pip install speedtest-cli

To test internet speed, just type the following command and press enter:

speedtest-cli

You can find various options in the help section of the utility:

speedtest-cli -h

Display the internet speed in megabytes/sec:

speedtest-cli --bytes

También podemos obtener una medida a través de wget:

wget -O /dev/null http://speedtest.wdc01.softlayer.com/downloads/test10.zip

Contenido del semestre 3

Wireless network equipment

Router hardware

Router configuration

Wide Area Network protocols

Introduction to routing – static and dynamic

Remote network access

Cisco - PacketTracer

https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer-download/

Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation program which allows students to experiment with network behavior. It supplements physical equipment in the classroom by allowing students to create a network with an almost unlimited number of devices, encouraging practice, discovery and troubleshooting.

Intalación en Ubuntu

https://gabstutorials.wordpress.com/2017/06/15/install-and-configure-packet-tracer-7-on-ubuntu-16-04/

sudo ~/Downloads/PacketTracer70/./install

Luego de instalarlo encontré el error descrito y solucionado aquí: https://forum.ubuntu-fr.org/viewtopic.php?id=2014677

J'ai complété l'installation du logiciel puis j'ai essayé de me rendre dans le tableau de bord( dash) pour y trouver le logiciel où il ne se trouvait pas. Par ligne de commande, j'ai essayé de taper : packettracer et cela me dit simplement: "Starting Packet Tracer 7.1" et ne fait plus rien ensuite.

Donc tu ouvres un beau terminal, et tu lances :

/opt/pt/bin/PacketTracer7

Quand j'accède au fichier pour ./PacketTracer7: error while loading shared libraries: libQt5Script.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Instalar:

libqt5script5

Je viens de le faire mais à l'instant mais ça ne résous pas mon cas,

je suis retourné voir le fichier /opt/pt/bin/PacketTracer7 et quand je l'ouvre, il m'indique qu'il me manque la librairie : " libQt5ScriptTools.so.5" j'ai donc essayé de refaire la même chose que précédemment en l'adaptant à la librairie , donc je tape :

sudo apt-get install  libqt5scripttools5

Et maintenant, ça fonctionne quand je vais chercher le fichier /usr/pt/bin/PacketTracer7

Luego para porder launch a través de packettracer in a terminal:

sudo ln -s /opt/pt/bin/PacketTracer7 /usr/local/bin/packettracer

Internet

Binarios

Conversión de un número en el sistema decimal al binario:

Conversión de Binario a decimal:

Definición de una subred

A través de la Máscara de subred se define que IPs forman parte del la misma Red (directa)

La notación 192.160.136.4/24 define una máscara de subred en donde los primeros 24 bits son 1 --> 255.255.255.0

Protocols

Think of protocols as a standard way of communication between a client and a server.

TCP/IP

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite

The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks.

The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers which classify all related protocols according to the scope of networking involved. From highest to lowest, the layers are:

• The application layer: it provides process-to-process data exchange for applications. HTTP, FTP, DNS etc.
• The transport layer: handling host-to-host communication. TCP, UDP, etc.
• The internet (Internetwork) layer: providing internetworking between independent networks. IP (IPv4, IPv6), etc.
• Network interface and Hardware [Datalink, Physical] layer: containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link). Ethernet, Wireless, etc.

Applications

HTTP

The HTTP request. HTTP is the pull protocole. A client pulls a page from the server.

FTP

DNS

Transport

TCP

TCP (Transmision Control Protocol)

Internetwork

IP

Network interface and Hardware [Datalink, Physical]

Ethernet

Wireless

Wireless LANs (WLANs)

A WLAN is a Wireless Local Area Network, which is the linking of two or more computers without using wires. Instead, radio waves and IEEE 802.11 are used to communicate.

WLANs use infrared light (IR) or radio frequencies (RFs). The use of RF is far more popular for its longer range, higher bandwidth, and wider coverage.

Wireless technologies:

• PAN/WPAN (Personal Area Network (PAN)/ Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
  • Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4
• LAN (Local Area Network)
  • IEEE 802.11

WLAN Components:

• Wireless Client Receiver: it is needed to connect a computing device (e.g. desktop, laptop, PDA…) to the wired networked via an access point. It includes Onboard Cards (most laptops) PCMCIA, PCI card or USB adaptor
• Access points (APs): they are needed only in the Infrastructure Mode of WLANs. They provide the wireless client with a point of access into a network. They are like Ethernet switches in a wired network and operate in half-duplex mode (e.g. They either receive or transmit at any given time).

The WLAN supports four Network Topologies:

• Peer-to-peer (Ad hoc) Topology
• Hybrid Topology
• Infrastructure Topology
• Point-to-point Topology

802.11 standards:

• 802.11 is the generic name of a family of standards for wireless

networking.

• Popular 802.11 standards include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.1g, 802.11n, 802.11ac (Newest)